Improvement in magneto-electric apparatus



. E. W. SIEMENS.

Magneto-Electric Apparatus. No.l49,797. Patented April14,l874'.

m f W! UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICE- ERNST W. SIEB'IENS, OF BERLIN,GERMANY.

IMPROVEMENT IN MAGNETO-ELECTRIC APPARATUS.

Specification forming p: rt of Letters Patent No. 149,797, dated April14, 1574; application Iiled January 20, 1874,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EuNsT WERNER SIEM- ENs, of Berlin, in the Empire ofGermany, have invented an Improved Apparatus for Obtaining and ApplyingMagneto Electric Currents and do hereby declare that the followingdescription, taken in connection with the accompanying sheet of drawingshereinafter referred to, forms a full and exact specification oi" thesame, wherein I have set forth the nature and principles of my saidimprovement, by which my invention may be distinguished from others of asimilar class, together with such parts as I claim and desire to secureby Letters Patent-that is to say:

hen a permanent magnet, or an electromagnet, is so constructed that ithas its two polar surfaces of considerable superficial area presented toone another with a very narrow intervening space, themagnet exerciseslittle magnetic influence on surrounding objects, being almost in thecondition of a closed magnet. ()n introducing, however, a portion of anelectric circuit into the narrow space between the polar surfaces of themagnet, and moving it to and fro, electrical currents are set up in thecircuit, or, conversely, when electrical currents are sent through thecircuit it is caused to IJlOVG.

M y invention relates to improved apparatus, whereby this principle isapplied either for obtaining electric currents from the mechanicalmovement of an electrical coil, or for obtaining the mechz'inicalmovement of an electrical coil from electrical currents transmittedthrough it.

I will describe this npparatus,aml its application to purposes oftclegraphy, in several modified forms, referring to the accompanyingsheet of drawings, and to the figures and let ters marked thereon.

Figure 1 represents part of a longitudinal section; Fig. 2, part of atransverse section; and Fig. 3 represents aplan of one fori'nv ofapparatus constructed according to this invention.

S is one pole of a permanent or clectro-magnet, and N is the other pole,to which is attached, as a polar extension, an iron plate, N. This plateis pierced with a cylindrical hole, into which isinserted the pole orpolar extension S. O is a coil of electric conducting-wire suspended inthe annular space between S and N by means of wire springs A, whichserve also as conductors. These wires are inserted insulated in arocking-bar, B, pivoted at each end, and provided with an arm, I),having a spring and set-screw, D, by which it can be caused to rock alittle either way, and thereby to adjust vertically the position of thecoil 0. The two outer wires, A A, are connected by conductors, the oneto one pole of a battery, and the other to the other pole, or the one toa line of telcgraplrwire, and the other to the return wire, or to earth;and they serve as conductors, the one to one end of the coil wire, andthe other to the other end of the same. The middle wire, A, serves as aconductor to the metallic body of the coil 0. \Vhen a current ofelectricity is passed through the wire of the coil (3, the coil iscaused to move either upward or downward, according to the direction ofthe electric current and the polarity of the magnet within the annularspace between its polar extensions, and alternating currents cause thecoil to vibrate up and down; or, it the coil be caused to vibrate bymechanical means, a series of alternating electrical currents will begenerated in the wires of the coil and conductors to and from them.These currents may be used either directly to work known electricalapparatus, or they may be di rected through the coils of electro-magnetsto produce or intensify magnetic force, and such magnets may themselvesbe used to work coils, as above described. It currents so produced fromthe movement of a coil in the field of a weak magnet were directedthrough the coils of that magnet, the magnet would thereby bestrengthened, its action on the coil would be intensified, and thestronger current thus produccd would further strengthen the magnet.

The movement of the coil C, produced by passing a current of electricitythrough its wire, may be utilized for working recording apparatus forreleasing detents, or for moving visible or audible signals. One mode ofetfecting this will be understood by reference to Fig. 2, in whichfigure the upper part of the hoop C attached to the coil 0 is providedwith contact-pieces on its upper and lower sides. Above and below theseare contactpieces E and E, mounted so that they can be accuratelyadjusted on level by means of setting-screws. From the hoop O aconducting wire, F, partly formed by the middle wire sprin A, is led toone pole of a battery, f, or other source of electricity, from the otherpole of which a conductor, F, is led to aconnnutator, G. From thecontact-pieces E and E conducting-wires lead to a commutator, G, whichallows of their being connected together or connected each to a separatecircuit, g g, which unite at G.

It will be seen thatif the coil C be caused to rise, as above described,by the passage of a current through its wire, contact will be made at E,and the cireuitfF C E G g G F will be established. It, on the otherhand, the coil 0 be caused to descend, the circuit fF C E G g G F willbe established. It, therefore, any of the known instruments worked byelectricity were placed in the circuits 9 and g, they would be worked bythe battery f whenever their re spective circuits were established, asabove described. Two separate instruments, or a duplicate instrument,could be thus worked from the battery fby alternating currents passedthrough the wire of the coil 0; or the two conductors leading from E andE may be led to one instrument by setting the commutator G so as to jointhem, and thus a series of currents, alternating in direction in alinewire, may be made to produce a series of intermittentcurrents of onedirection in an instrument; and these intermittent currents may be madeto succeed so rapidly as to constitute virtually a continuous current.

By arranging and constructing the apparatus as above described, it willbe found that when no currentis sent through the wire of the coil 0 thiscoil will remain in a position of rest, to which it will return afterthe cessation of currents sent through it, whatever may have been theirnumber, direction, or intensity, and the contacts E and E may beadjusted so as to be equidistant from 0 when it is in the position ofrepose. In order to prevent tremulous motion of the coil 0, which mightproduce uncertain contacts at E and E, the wire of the coil C is woundon or is inclosed in a metallic cylinder, which, by preference, is madeof aluminium.

Fig. -i represents, to an enlarged scale, a section of a coil wound upona cylinder of thin metal, T, and Fig. 5 represents it wound upon such acylinder, and also covered by one, T, outside. The metal so applied actsas a damper.

Fig. 6 represents part of a vertical section, and Fig. 7 represents anend view, of apparatus in which the coil C is suspended by fourfilaments, II II, which may be of silk or other light flexible material,in the annular space between the pole S and the extension N of the poleN. The filaments H H are attached to pins, which can be turned to adjusttheir length, and thus bring the coil 0 into proper position. In thiscase the coil has projecting from it a bent arm, 0, which performs thesame function as has been described above with reference to the hoop Gin Fig. 2. The circuits in Fig. 6 are analogous to those shown in Fig.2, and corresponding parts are marked with the same letters in bothFigs. 2 and 6. By this mode of suspending the coil an extremelysensitive action of it is obtained, its natu al tendency being to assumeits middle position.

The arm 0, Fig. (3, projecting from the coil 0, may be made to furnishvisible signals by the movement of the coil. For this purpose there maybe attached to it a thin screen of light material, such as isrepresented at I in Fig. 8. By making in this screen a slot, such as isshown at I in Fig. 8, and placing behind it a vertical line of light,and in front of it an eye-hole or piece, when the screen is in itsmiddle position a line of light will be seen; when it is moved to theright two bright points will be seen, one above the other; and when itis moved to the left one bright middle point only will be seen.

It is obvious that screens having slots of other forms might be employedto show the position of the coil by distinctive marks of the lightpassing through them.

Fig. 9 represents, diagrammatically, part of a section, and Fig. 10 aplan of an arrangement whereby a coil is made to travel in a circularpath. The one pole, N, of a permanent or elcctromagnet is extended intoa ring, N, surrounding the other pole, S. On the ring N is placed acoil, K, having its wire coiled vertieally, and so fitted to the ring Nthat it can slide freely thereon. When a current of electricity ispassed through the wire of the coil K in one direction, the coil willmove round the ring N in the direction of the arrow. When the directionof the electrical current is reversed, the coil K. will move round thering in the opposite direction, or if the coil K be moved by mechanicalmeans along the ring N, an electrical current will be set up in the wireof the coil. Figs. 9 and 10, last referred to, show, diagrammatically,how the move ment of a coil in the magnetic field may be in a circularpath, instead of a rectilinear path, as in the figures previouslyreferred to.

Fig. 11 represents part of a section of apparatus, whereby either acurrent of electricity may impart to a coil an oscillating rotarymotion, or the oscillating rotary motion of a coil. may set upelectrical currents in its wire. In this case the one pole of a magnet,N, is connected to a ring, N, and the other pole carries a stud, S, anda ring-shaped extension, S. Round the ring N there is a coil with wirescoiled vertically round an ebonite or other non-magnetic ring, mountedon a vertical axis, L. One end of the wire of the coil K communicates,through the axis L and its lower bearing, with a conductor, 0, while theother end of the coil wire is led insulated along the axis L to theother conductor, M. The axis L, and the coil K. attached to it, may bemade to rock, in which case electrical currents will flow through theconductors O and M, or, alternating currents beiu g sent through theconductors O and M, the axis L and the coil K will be caused to rock.

In the several forms of apparatus described above it will be seen thatthe magnetic field that is to say, the surface of the pole and of thepolar extension which acts on the coilis made to extend somewhat beyondthe coil itself, the efficacy of the apparatus being thus augmented.

Having thus described the nature of my invention, and the best means Iknow of carryin g it into practical efi'ect, I would have it understoodthat I do not claim generally the arrangement of an electrical coil in amagnetic held for the purpose of producing movement of the coil by thetransmission of electric currents through it, or for the purpose ofobtainiug electric currents by the movement of the coil 5 but Iclaim-- 1. A permanent magnet, having one of its poles extended andsurrounding the other pole, an intervening space being left between thepoles, substantially as set forth.

2. In combination with a permanent mag net, having one of its polesextended and surrounding the other, a coil inclosed or partiallyinclosed in the space intervening between the poles, substantially asset forth.

3. In the apparatus for the purpose above referred to, described inreference to Figs. 1, 2, and 3, the electric coil 0 suspended within theannular space between the magnetic poles or polar extensions S and N byconducting-wires A extending from the rocking shaft B, and renderedadjustable by the spring-lever D and screw D.

4. The electric coil 0, suspended within the annular space between themagnetic poles or polar extensions of a magnet, and provided with thehoop O, or equivalent, for utilizing the coil for the purpose ofestablishing local circuits.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in. thepresence of two subscribing witnesses, this 25th day of September, 1873.

ERNST WERNER SIEMENS.

Witnesses HERMANN BREISMANN,

United States Consul, Berlin. BEn'rrroLD Roi,

Berlin, Kessclstmssc 15 I.

